An extremely selective and sensitive molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence (MIECL) sensor was developed based on the multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-enhanced molecularly imprinted quantum dots (MIP-QDs) for the rapid determination of cyfluthrin (CYF). dot, cyfluthrin, electrochemiluminescence sensor, fish samples 1. Introduction Cyfluthrin (CYF), a synthetic type II pyrethroid insecticide, was widely used in agricultural pest control; this insecticide could also enter aquatic ecosystems from agricultural areas via run-offs [1,2]. CYF residue was frequently detected in aquatic environments and organisms due to its widespread usage and high persistence [3,4]. Although CYF featured low mammalian toxicity, long-term exposure to this chemical caused a toxic effect on the respiratory, nervous, immune, and reproductive systems of human beings and nontarget organisms [5]. Due to these risks, various countries had stipulated their maximum CYF residues (0.05 mg/kg in food established by China; 0.1 mg/kg in eggplant by EU; 0.01 mg/kg in farmed fish by Brazil) and banned its usage in aquaculture [6,7,8]. Therefore, a rapid, efficient, and sensitive method for detecting CYF residues in food and environment samples must be developed. At present, numerous confirmatory methods including gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) have been successfully applied to CYF determination [9,10]. Although these methods have shown excellent selectivity and awareness, they might need costly musical instruments and time-consuming also, sophisticated HTHQ test pretreatments, causing issues in saving period for unexpected meals safety incidents; therefore, these methods have already been considered unsuitable for fast field recognition [11,12]. Lately, electrochemiluminescence (ECL), called electrogenerated chemiluminescence also, attracted considerable interest from researchers because of its simpler, higher HTHQ awareness, more precise response kinetics, and better reproducibility and controllability weighed against other electroanalytical detection methods [13]. ECL is a specific process where species are brought about at electrodes by high-energy electrochemical reactions to create excited expresses that emit light. Furthermore, the electrochemical reactions happen between your redox items of emitters and a co-reactant, producing an excited condition which can decay and emit light [14,15]. ECL emission was produced through luminol and ruthenium (II) complexes; then, increasing attention was given to nanomaterials, such as quantum dots (QDs), carbon nanodots, steel organic gels (MOGs), and commendable steel clusters [16,17]. Notably, QDs possess exclusive digital and optical properties, such as for example high quantum performance, photobleaching level of resistance, and high electron transfer performance, and also have been found in ECL HTHQ systems [18 broadly,19]. To boost the precise response capacity and balance of QDs further, in this function we combine molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) with ECL evaluation predicated HTHQ on QDs, displaying high selectivity and great controllability and balance [20,21]. To time, QDs and MIPs have already been independently fabricated and utilized as indication probes and acknowledgement elements, respectively, resulting in a complex electrode preparation process and a remarkably negative impact on electrical conductivity [22,23]. Therefore, to simplify the electrode preparation process and improve electrical conductivity in the present study, we first proposed and fabricated MIP-QDs, which were synthesized by functionalizing cadmium selenide quantum dots (CdSe QDs) with molecular HTHQ imprinting polymers as both the transmission probe and specific recognition element of the ECL sensor for CYF determination. Furthermore, H2O2 was used as a co-reactant, and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were utilized as reinforcements to provide excellent electrocatalytic activity and minimize surface fouling around the electrodes. Finally, the original MIECL sensor based on the MIP-QDs for CYF determination was developed and its application capability was fully evaluated. The results indicated that this fabricated MIECL sensor-based MIP-QDs exhibited convenient, rapid, and accurate determination of trace CYF contaminants in fish and seawater samples. To the best of our knowledge, the use of a MIECL sensor for CYF perseverance predicated on MIP-QDs, H2O2, and MWCNTs provides yet to become reported. System 1 displays the principles from the created method. 2. Methods and Materials 2.1. Reagents and Components CdSe QDs were purchased from BEIDA JUBANG Research & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). The MWCNTs had been given by XFNANO Components Technology Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). Nafion (98.0%) was extracted from SigmaCAldrich Trading Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). CYF, bifenthrin (BIF), deltamethrin (DEL), cypermethrin (CYP), and fenvalerate (FEN) had been extracted from the Shanghai Pesticide Analysis Institute Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). 3-Aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTES), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and Triton X-100 had been bought from SigmaCAldrich (Steinheim, Germany). H2O2 (AR, 30 wt. % in H2O) was extracted from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). All the reagents had been of analytical quality and used in combination with ultrapure drinking water (resistivity 18.25 Rabbit polyclonal to ALKBH1 ). 2.2. Equipment Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) as well as the matching ECL experiments had been carried out.
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