A unit of measurement defined as 4.184 absolute joules, or the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of one gram of water from 15 to 16 degrees Celsius (or 1/100th the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water at one atmosphere pressure from 0 degrees C to 100 degrees C); food calories are actually equal to 1,000 calories (1 food calorie = 1 kilocalorie).