History Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet is an NIH-sponsored clinical trial network aimed at altering the disease course of type 1 diabetes. < age group 8 did not meet this entry criteria. Leukopenia was present in 21. 2% of individuals and lymphopenia in 11. 6%; these frequencies were markedly different than age-matched healthy population. 24. 5% from the cohort was overweight or obese. 31. 1% of adults and 21. 1% of children had neither HLA DR3 nor DR4. Findings The ability of recent onset T1D individuals to meet important entry criteria for TrialNet studies including C-peptide > 0. 2 pmol/ml varies by age group. Lower C-peptide level requirements for more youthful participants should be considered in the design of future trials. These data also emphasize subgroups of type 1 diabetes individuals such as those with abnormal WBC or who also are obese which allow for targeted studies of etiopathology and interventions. Keywords: type 1 diabetes clinical trials Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet C-peptide LAUNCH Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet is an international consortium of clinical diabetologists and immunologists whose aim is to conduct multiple clinical trials to alter the natural history of the disease; specifically by delaying or stopping beta cell destruction. In these studies Rituximab[1] and Abatacept[2] both exhibited improvement in residual insulin secretion in drug when compared with placebo cured individuals whereas GAD65-alum[3] MMF/DZB[4] and Canakinumab[5] did not. Within all studies and treatment arms however heterogeneous responses were obvious. For example we and others possess highlighted age group as an essential variable accounting for some of this heterogeneity obtaining significant differences in the disease program in children as compared with adults [6-8]. Consequently future studies may be restricted to narrower age ranges of participants or age group category may be used as a stratification variable. With all the aim to further dissect heterogeneity in type 1 diabetes we use combined TrialNet data to evaluate clinical immunological and metabolic characteristics of those subjects at study access according to age. This evaluation should aid in the Tenuifolin planning and design of future type 1 diabetes intervention trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tenuifolin Clinical sites Studies took place at 15 clinical Tenuifolin centers in North America and one in Italy. Protocols and consent files were approved by the institutional review table or impartial ethics committee at each participating clinical center as previously reported and all subjects underwent informed consent and assent prior to participation in any research activities. Research Interventions The studies were designed to evaluate therapies with an array of mechanisms aimed at immunomodulation to preserve beta cells including immunosuppressive providers (mycophenolate mofetil [MMF] and daclizumab) a therapy directed at B cells (anti-CD20 rituximab) a therapy directed at antigen-specific tolerance (GAD-alum vaccine) co-stimulation blockade (abatacept) and anti IL1B (canakinumab). Eligibility Criteria Study eligibility criteria were similar across studies with the exception of age and autoantibodies because described beneath. Inclusion criteria included Mixed Meal Tolerance Test (MMTT) stimulated maximum C-peptide levels of at least 0. 2 pmol/ml conducted within 3 weeks to 3 weeks after diagnosis and randomization within 100 days of clinical diagnosis. Individuals were eligible to participate in the GAD-alum research if they had glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 antibodies (GAD65ab). Eligibility for all those other studies required at least 1 diabetes-related autoantibody: microassayed insulin antibodies (mIAA) [if duration of insulin therapy was less than 7 days]; GAD65ab; insulinoma antigen 2 antibodies (IA-2ab) or islet-cell autoantibodies (ICA). ICA was frequently measured only when mIAA GAD65ab and IA-2ab Vwf were bad. In Tenuifolin sum a total of 754 topics in the five studies underwent testing for all those three antibodies (GADab ICA and IA-2ab). Znt8 antibodies were only measured in ten otherwise antibody bad subjects in the most recent research testing canakinumab. All trials had age group 45 because the upper age group limit to get eligibility; the lower age limit for eligibility was 8 years to get Rituximab and MMF/DZB studies 6 years to get canakinumab and abatacept studies and 3 years for the GAD-alum trial. Exclusion criteria included complicating medical issues active contamination positive PPD serologic evidence of HIV hepatitis B or hepatitis C.