The control of outbreaks of calicivirus infection in high-density, high-throughput populations

The control of outbreaks of calicivirus infection in high-density, high-throughput populations is a challenge to both human and veterinary medicine. of the strains were presented in to the shelter from the city and didn’t seem to be transmitted within the populace. Nevertheless, for three of the strains, putative transmitting occasions within the shelter had been identified. The prices of development within hypervariable parts of the FCV capsid gene in specific cats ranged from 0.05 to at least one 1.4% weekly, with the best rates generally being within animals that either obtained the virus within the shelter or were undergoing acute infection. These data claim that regardless of the high prevalence and existence of multiple strains of FCV within the shelter, the pass on of such pathogens could be limited by different control methods, including great hygiene and biosecurity. The family can be an important category of individual and pet viral pathogens, leading to severe outbreaks of gastroenteritis in human beings (the genera and (%)Electronic. A. Chandler, C. J. Gaskell, and R. M. Gaskell (ed.), Feline medication and therapeutics, 3rd ed. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK. 12. Gaskell, R. M., A. D. Radford, and S. Dawson. 2004. Vaccination, p. 13-18. Electronic. A. Chandler, C. J. Gaskell, and R. M. Gaskell (ed.), Feline medication and therapeutics, 3rd ed. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK. 13. Green, J., C. I. Gallimore, J. P. Norcott, D. Lewis, and D. W. Dark brown. Rabbit Polyclonal to MLTK 1995. Broadly reactive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for the analysis of SRSV-connected gastroenteritis. J. Med. Virol. 47:392-398. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 14. Horimoto, T., Y. Takeda, K. Iwatsuki-Horimoto, S. Sugii, and T. Tajima. 2001. Capsid protein gene variation among feline calicivirus isolates. Virus Genes 23:171-174. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 15. Ike, A. C., S. O. Brockmann, K. Hartelt, R. E. Marschang, M. Contzen, and R. M. Oehme. 2006. Molecular epidemiology of norovirus in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in southwest Germany from 2001 to 2004. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44:1262-1267. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 16. Knowles, J. O., S. Dawson, R. M. Gaskell, C. J. Gaskell, and C. E. Harvey. 1990. Neutralisation patterns among recent British and North American feline calicivirus isolates from different medical origins. Vet. Rec. 127:125-127. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 17. Kumar, S., K. Tamura, and M. Nei. 2004. MEGA3: integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment. Brief Bioinform. 5:150-163. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 18. McCarthy, M., M. K. Estes, and K. C. Hyams. 2000. Norwalk-like virus Gossypol cost illness in military forces: epidemic potential, sporadic disease, and the future direction of prevention and control attempts. J. Infect. Dis. 181(Suppl. 2):S387-S391. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 19. Neill, J. D. 1992. Nucleotide sequence of the capsid protein gene of two serotypes of San Miguel sea lion virus: identification of conserved and non-conserved amino acid sequences among calicivirus capsid proteins. Virus Res. 24:211-222. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 20. Nilsson, M., K. O. Hedlund, M. Thorhagen, G. Larson, K. Johansen, A. Ekspong, and L. Svensson. 2003. Evolution of human being calicivirus RNA in vivo: accumulation of mutations in the protruding P2 domain of the capsid prospects to structural changes and possibly a new phenotype. J. Virol. 77:13117-13124. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 21. Page, R. D. 1996. TreeView: an application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers. Comput. Appl. Biosci. 12:357-358. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 22. Pedersen, N. C., and K. F. Hawkins. 1995. Mechanisms for persistence of acute and chronic feline calicivirus infections in the face of vaccination. Vet. Microbiol. 47:141-156. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 23. Pedersen, N. C., R. Sato, J. E. Foley, and A. M. Poland. 2004. Gossypol cost Common virus infections in cats, before and after becoming placed in Gossypol cost shelters, with emphasis on feline enteric coronavirus. J. Feline Med. Surg. 6:83-88. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 24. Povey, R. Gossypol cost C. 1977..