Bioassay-guided fractionation of an extract prepared from the fruiting body of

Bioassay-guided fractionation of an extract prepared from the fruiting body of a sp. prevent the onset of AD still have not been developed.1 The aspartic protease β-secretase (BACE1 memapsin-2) is crucial for the formation of β-amyloid oligomers and insoluble plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD).2-4 These β-amyloid oligomers have been implicated in the observed neurodegeneration and therefore inhibition of BACE1 represents one possible therapeutic strategy.1 We recently began screening ADX-47273 using a chemiluminescent enzyme-fragment complementation assay for natural products that can inhibit BACE1.5 6 This screening has resulted in the bioassay-guided isolation of three new triterpenes daedalols A-C (1-3) and one known compound (4) 7 8 from an extract of a Panamanian sp. (Polyporaceae). We report here the isolation characterization and biological evaluation of these compounds. Exhaustive extraction of the fruiting body sample followed by orthogonal chromatographic separations led to the ADX-47273 isolation of 1 1 in a yield of 1 1.7 mg (0.031% yield). Compound 1 generated HR-ESI-TOF (+)-MS [M+H]+ and [M+Na]+ pseudomolecular ions at 485.3612 and 507.3418 respectively corresponding to a molecular formula of C31H48O4. The carbonyl and alkene IR vibrations at 1671 and 1547 cm?1 respectively explained two of the eight degrees of unsaturation in 1 implied by the molecular formula. The remaining degrees of unsaturation were rings rather than double bonds due to the lack of any substantial UV absorptions. Analysis of the proton NMR spectrum of 1 (Table 1) revealed multiple methyl singlets centered around 1.00 ppm that were characteristic of a tetracyclic triterpene. Detailed analyses of the HMBC spectrum provided three substructures consistent with this structural hypothesis (Physique 1). Fragment C the most unusual moiety was assembled based on a COSY correlation between H-20 and H2-22 and a HMBC correlation from H2-22 to the carbonyl C-23. HMBC correlations from the terminal alkene protons H2-24’ to C-23 to a quaternary sp2 carbon (C-24) and to a methine carbon (C-25) facilitated the construction of the remainder of fragment C. Physique 1 Fragments of 1 1 assembled using HMBC (H→C) and COSY (? strong) correlations. Table 1 NMR Spectroscopic Data (MeOH-d4) for 1. Fragments A-C were assembled after further analyses of the 2D NMR data. Fragment A was connected to fragment B through HMBC correlations from H3-19 to C-5 from H2-7 to C-8 and from H-3 to C-1. A cyclopentane ring was constructed based on a HMBC correlation from H3-18 of fragment B to C-17 of fragment C and a COSY correlation between H2-15 and H2-16. These assignments completed the final structure as seen in Physique 2. Physique 2 Key HMBC (H→C) ADX-47273 and COSY (? strong) correlations observed for 1. The spectroscopic data for 2 (3.0 mg 0.056% yield) was almost identical to that observed for 1 and thus the two compounds likely had similar structures. A detailed comparison of their NMR spectra revealed that this resonance for the oxygenated methine H-3 ADX-47273 observed in 1 was missing in 2 and the resonances for H2-24’ were shifted upfield by more than 1 ppm (Table S1). The carbon NMR spectra reflected these chemical shift differences as well. In the spectrum of 2 resonances consistent with a ketone at C-3 and an isolated alkene at C-24 were observed. Based on these data the structure of 2 was proposed as depicted. Compound 3 was isolated in a yield of 0.033% (1.8 mg). Rabbit polyclonal to VDP. Although the HR-ESI spectrum of 3 indicated a molecular formula of C31H46O4 the 13C NMR spectrum contained 34 resonances. As the NMR data for 3 indicated it was a pure compound this discrepancy suggested that this observed ion at 483 corresponded to a fragment. Therefore the molecular formula of 3 was established by analyses of the NMR spectroscopic data as C34H50O8 which indicated 10 degrees of unsaturation. On the basis of the observed carbon chemical shifts five degrees of unsaturation were ascribed to a ketone (δC-23 209.1) an ester (δC-1′ 166.9) a single carbon-carbon double bond (δC-9 134.3 and δC-8 133.9) and two carboxyl groups (δC-26 178.9 and δC-3′ 171.2). The tetracyclic core of 3 was assembled through analyses of the 2D NMR data (Table 2). In 3 the linear side chain (from C-20 to C-26) was converted from the terminal olefin found in 1 and 2 into an epoxide (Physique 3). In addition the.